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Pond Block - Safe for Birds?

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  • Pond Block - Safe for Birds?

    Does anyone know if Jungle's Pond Block is safe to use in ponds that are frequented by birds for drinking and bathing? I've been trying to find some sort of MSDS-type document that says something about it, but haven't been too lucky. The Jungle MSDS says some generic info about it, but I don't think it's talking about water that has been treated with Pond Blocks, but just the dust from the dry blocks.

    Thanks for any help!
    "Millennium hand and shrimp!"

  • #2
    Wow, okay...

    Anyone know any kind of algaecide that works as well as Pond Blocks that is safe for birds? Or, of course, if anyone wants to help me figure out my original question, that would be GREAT. :)
    "Millennium hand and shrimp!"

    Comment


    • #3
      why would it not be safe for birds if fish live in it?

      Comment


      • #4
        Lots of algaecides aren't safe for ingestion. And many things cause cancer in California. :) The precautions of many algaecides and other meds usually state not to use said product on fish intended for human consumption. Which means birds might possibly be more susceptible to its effects.
        "Millennium hand and shrimp!"

        Comment


        • #5
          MATERIAL SAFETY
          Jungle®

          DATA SHEET


          Laboratories Corporation

          Box 630 Cibolo, Texas 78108-0630
          Emergency Phone No. (210) 658-3503
          PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
          Product Name:


          POND BLOCK

          Product Use:


          CONTROLS ALGAE GROWTH IN PONDS

          HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
          OSHA ACGIH
          Chemical Name Common Name CAS No. % PEL TLV-TWA
          None
          PHYSICAL DATA
          Boiling Point, (760mm Hg.)


          N/A Specific Gravity (Water = 1) N/A

          Solubility in Water


          Gradual, but complete. pH N/A

          Appearance


          Pale blue block Odor None

          FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
          Flash Point


          N/A F Flammable Limits Lel N/A Uel N/A

          Method Used:
          Non-combustible
          Extinguishing Media:
          Not required.
          Special Fire Fighting Procedures:
          Whatever is suitable for adjacent fire.
          Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards:
          None
          Hazardous Decomposition Products:
          None
          HEALTH HAZARD DATA
          Effects of Overexposure:
          Ingestion:


          Unlikely, no effects anticipated. Eye Contact: Unlikely, but

          dust particles may create physical
          discomfort.
          Skin Contact:


          Prolonged contact may irritate. Inhalation: Nuisance dust.

          EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES
          Ingestion:


          Dilute with water. Eye Contact: Flush with water for

          15 minutes.
          EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES, cont'd.
          Skin Contact:


          Wash exposed area. Inhalation: Remove to fresh air.

          Obtain medical assistance for extreme or chronic symptoms.
          REACTIVITY DATA
          Stability


          X Stable Unstable Conditions to Avoid: N/A

          Incompatibility: (Materials to Avoid)
          Hazardous Polymerization:


          No

          Hazardous Decomposition Products and Conditions:


          None

          SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
          Response to Small Spills:


          Pick up or sweep up. Reclaim.

          Response to Large Spills:


          Pick or sweep up and containerize, wash down area.

          Hazards to be Avoided:


          N/A

          Reportable Quantity:


          Check all applicable governmental regulations.

          Waste Classification:


          Check all applicable governmental regulations.

          Disposal Methods:


          Deliver container to approved disposal facility in accordance with all governmental

          regulations.
          SPECIAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
          Respiratory Protection:


          Dust mask if a problem.

          For Hands, Body:


          N/A

          For Eyes:


          Goggles if dust is a problem.

          Ventilation:


          None.

          SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
          Other Precautions:
          TRANSPORTATION DATA
          Precautions:


          Non-hazardous for transportation purposes.

          USERS RESPONSIBILITY
          The responsibility to provide a safe workplace remains with the user. The user should consider the health
          hazards and safety information contained herein as a guide and should take those precautions required in an
          individual's operation to instruct employees and develop work practice procedures for a safe work environment.
          Disclaimer of Liability
          The information contained herein is, to the best of our knowledge and belief, accurate. However, since the
          conditions of handling and use are beyond our control, we make no guarantee of results, and assume no liability
          for damages incurred by use of this material. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable
          federal, state, and local laws and regulations.
          Nothing contained herein is to be construed as a recommendation for use in violation of any patents or of
          applicable laws or regulations.
          NOTICE:


          This information is provided in accordance with OSHA regulations as they apply to safety in

          manufacturing this product and is not intended for nor subject to interpretation for any other purposes.

          Form 100 Rev.4/97



          hope that helps you MJ

          Last edited by fishlady; 07-14-2009, 05:01 AM.

          Comment


          • #6


            this is the ingredients of pond block and the scorecards for it....
            it's considered to be a toxicity level 1
            which in a sense means that you would have to ingest over 5000mg to affect you...and if it's disolved in the pond water that concentration would not be possible to ingest unless you mix it in a bucket and leave it to be ingested....

            hope that and the msds sheet helps

            Comment


            • #7
              If you want to try a different route, MB, there have been positive results from the use of barley straw or willow limbs to combat algae. Neither would adversely effect birds.

              Mark
              What are the facts? Again and again and again--what are the facts? Shun wishful thinking, ignore devine revelation, forget what "the stars foretell", avoid opinion, care not what the neighbors think, never mind the unguessable "verdict of history"--what are the facts, and to how many decimal places? You pilot always into an unknown future; facts are your only clue.

              Robert Anson Heinlein

              Comment


              • #8
                Thank you both so much! FL - I had seen the MSDS, but since it was talking about the dry blocks and said "unlikely," it didn't sound as sure as I would have liked.

                Thanks so much for the scorecard link. How did you find out its toxicity level? Also, it seems that a Level 1 is the worst...but then again I know it's only about 1%... I could only find this page: http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-pr...99%2d8#hazards

                I tried googling "Copper sulfate pentahydrate" yesterday morning and for some reason didn't find anything applicable. Using links on the Scorecard site, I found this, if anyone's interested:



                Also, my wonderful boyfriend wrote Jungle Labs and asked them about birds, so hopefully they will write back soon. :)

                Mark, thanks for the suggestion. This is for my parents' pond, and my dad really has tried everything, lol. He has probably bought every product for algae control in garden/pond stores that the employees assure is not harmful to fish or birds. :)
                "Millennium hand and shrimp!"

                Comment


                • #9
                  The concentration is going to change for a 130g bird versus a 200lb man in the same volume of water.

                  Hopefully I will get a answer today from Jungle Labs.

                  :)
                  380G For Sale $3000 Acrylic tank & stand
                  300G Petrochromis Trewavasae and Tropheus mpimbwe Red Cheek & Duboisi
                  180G For Sale $1,100 Oceanic Cherry with Stand, T5HO Lights, (2) Eheim 2262
                  150G Tropheus Annectens Kekese & Ikola

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    i used some strong research skills that i aquired in college....)
                    your very welcome for the information i found....
                    from what i understand the level 1 is more of a 50mg/ppm of ingestion to be of any toxicity risk.....so i don't think it's going to hurt any birds....
                    the msds sheet reveals that ingestion isn't likely toxic, only hazardous if you get the dust in your eyes, or on the skin for a period of time...but since the substance disolves totally in the water this becomes a neutral entity....

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Pretty much what I am thinking FL is saying.. unless you are going to attempt absorb it via straw and nose method, its not going to have toxic effects on it.

                      Personally I doubt they would make a medication that potentially could kill off birds, because I dont think Jungle Labs wants a ton of phone calls about dead birds in their yards...

                      What fish do Jesper have
                      180 WC T. Moorii Chilambo +1 Petro trewavasae.
                      110
                      Cyps, WC Xeno Spilopterus Kipili WC/F1/F2 T. sp red Kiku
                      58 S. Decorus

                      "The problem with socialism is that eventually you run out of other people's money." -Margaret Thatcher

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        A proper size UV light is the best for pond. plus bird safe too!
                        "The word superstar really turn me off and I tell you why because the word starrrrrrr, Man is an illusionnnnn" Bruce Lee

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Originally posted by tnguyen View Post
                          A proper size UV light is the best for pond. plus bird safe too!
                          Hey, if it was MY pond, I'd probably go that route! But, alas, it is my parents'. :) Mine would have plants and fish. :)

                          Thanks for all the help, everyone!

                          Jungle Labs wrote Geoff back, and said that birds would be all right bathing and drinking from the water. So I think I am now confident enough to hand over some pond blocks to my dad.
                          "Millennium hand and shrimp!"

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            .......i knew i was right.......)

                            glad to hear that MB.....and i'm thinking those fish will appreciate no algea in there.......

                            Comment


                            • #15
                              Just in case if you have any doubts.
                              COPPER(II) SULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE
                              CASRN: 7758-99-8This record contains information specific to the title compound. Users with an interest in this substance are strongly encouraged also to retrieve the record named COPPER COMPOUNDS, which has additional information relevant to the toxicity and environmental fate of copper ions and copper compounds. For information on the metal itself, refer to the COPPER, ELEMENTAL record.
                              For other data, click on the Table of Contents


                              Animal Toxicity Studies:


                              Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
                              ... PARAKERATOSIS, WITH SOFTENING OF HAIR & PRURITIS, FOLLOWED BY DRY EXCEMATOUS-LIKE SKIN CHANGES & PAPULAR ERUPTIONS /WERE OBSERVED/ IN PIGS FED DIET CONTAINING 0.1% HYDRATED COPPER SULFATE.
                              [Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 47]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              COPPER SULFATE ... WAS EMPLOYED IN TREATMENT OF TRACHOMA BY REPEATED TOPICAL APPLICATION ... TO DISEASED CONJUNCTIVA. THIS RESULTED IN TEMPORARY INFLAMMATION ... & DISCOLORATION OF CORNEA. ... IF A PARTICLE OF COPPER SULFATE WAS LEFT ACCIDENTALLY IN CONJUNCTIVAL SAC, IF COULD CAUSE LOCAL INFLAMMATION & NECROSIS, CORNEAL OPACITY, & SYMBLEPHARON. /COPPER SULFATE/
                              [Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 260]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              /THERE ARE/ ... REPORTS THAT 225 KG STEER DEVELOPED CHRONIC POISONING & DIED AFTER 122 DAYS ON DAILY DRENCH OF 5 G OF COPPER SULFATE (CUSO4.5H2O). ... COPPER SULFATE FED TO PIGS @ LEVELS UP TO 400 PPM OF COPPER CAUSED NO TOXIC SIGNS, ALTHOUGH LIVER COPPER ROSE SHARPLY. LEVELS ABOVE 1,000 PPM WERE USUALLY LETHAL.
                              [Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 46]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              COPPER SULFATE FED AD LIBITUM IN DIET OF RATS @ LEVEL OF 500 PPM CAUSED RETARDED GROWTH; 4,000 PPM CAUSED STARVATION & DEATH. ... ACCESS OF SHEEP TO SALT LICKS CONTAINING 5-9% COPPER SULFATE CAUSED SUDDEN ONSET OF ANOREXIA, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, ICTERUS, & HEMOGLOBINURIA FOLLOWED BY DEATH. ... AT NECROPSY LIVER, KIDNEYS, & SPLEEN SHOWED SEVERE DEGENERATIVE CHANGES. /COPPER SULFATE/
                              [Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1624]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              GUINEA PIGS WERE EXPOSED FOR 1 HR TO AEROSOLS OF SULFATE SALTS. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF SODIUM SULFATE, ALL THE SULFATES CAUSED SLIGHT INCREASE IN PULMONARY FLOW RESISTANCE & SLIGHT DECREASE IN PULMONARY COMPLIANCE. COPPER SULFATE WAS LEAST IRRITANT THAN AMMONIUM SULFATE & AMMONIUM BISULFATE AEROSOLS. /COPPER SULFATE/
                              [AMDUR MO ET AL; ENVIRON RES 16 (1-3): 1-8 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              THE MEDIAN TOLERANCE LIMIT THAT DOES NOT EFFECT GROWTH & REPRODUCTION OF FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS, RAFINESQUE) UNDER PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO COPPER SULFATE LIES BETWEEN 3 & 7% OF 96 HR MEDIAN TOLERANCE LIMIT.
                              [MOUNT DL; WATER RESEARCH 2: 215-23 (1968)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              COPPER SULFATE WAS TESTED FOR TOXICITY TO 1 WK OLD LARVAE & 1 MO OLD FINGERLING STRIPED BASS, MORONE SAXATILIS. FINGERLINGS WERE MORE SENSITIVE THAN LARVAE TO COPPER SULFATE. /COPPER SULFATE/
                              [HUGHES JS; PROCEEDING OF THE 24TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF GAME AND FISH COMMISSIONERS, JW WEBB, ED, P.431-8 (1970)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              INGESTION OF ABOUT 600 MG/KG COPPER SULFATE BY BRANTA CANADENSIS CAUSED NECROSIS & SLOUGHING OF PROVENTRICULUS & GIZZARD, & GREENISH DISCOLORATION OF LUNG. /COPPER SULFATE/
                              [HENDERSON BM, WINTERFIELD RW; AVIAN DIS 19 (2): 385-7 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              DAILY ORAL DOSES OF 20 MG OF COPPER SULFATE/KG BODY WT GIVEN TO SHEEP RESULTED IN HEMOLYSIS AFTER NINE WK. ... HEMOLYSIS ALSO CAUSED ACUTE TUBULAR RENAL DAMAGE IN THE SHEEP. /COPPER SULFATE/
                              [Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Kessler, E. and Vouk, V.B. (eds). Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. Vols I, II.: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986., p. V2 245]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              Strong solubilized copper cmpd (eg a mixture of copper sulfate, lime, and water) are dangerous to bees. /Copper sulfate/
                              [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. Old Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry/Unwin Brothers Ltd., 1983., p. A245/Oct 83]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              Phytotoxic to most plants.
                              [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987., p. A245/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              In feeding trials, rats ... receiving 1000 mg/kg diet exhibited damage to the liver, kidneys, & other organs. ... Toxic to fish.
                              [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987., p. A245/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              STATIC BIOASSAYS WITH COPPER AS COPPER(II) SULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE WERE CONDUCTED USING FRESHWATER POND SNAIL (VIVIPARUS BENGALENSIS). THE 96 HR LC50 VALUES IN PPM OF COPPER WERE 0.060 @ 32.5 DEG C; 0.066 @ 24 DEG C; 0.09 @ 27.3 DEG C; & 0.39 @ 20.3 DEG C. HIGHER CONCN CAUSED SOME BEHAVIORAL CHANGES SUCH AS SECRETION OF MUCUS, DISCHARGE OF EGGS & EMBRYOS.
                              [GUPTA PK ET AL; HYDROBIOLOGIA 83 (3): 461-4 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              Fifteen male albino rats of laboratory stock were given a daily dose of 0.1 g/kg copper sulfate by gavage for 30 days. Blood constituents were studied. Percent hemoglobin, plasma corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular volume, total red blood corpuscles, total protein, acid phosphatase and glucose were decreased significantly in the copper-fed rats. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase cholesterol, urea, glucose, bilirubin, and glutamate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in the copper-fed rats. The levels of white blood corpuscles, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and alkaline phosphatase did not change significantly. Although weight gain was reduced, rats showed no overt signs of toxicity during the experiment. /Copper sulfate/
                              [Kumar A, Sharma CB; Toxicol Lett 38 (3): 275-8 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              In a 15 day feeding study in rats involving the admin of up to 16,000 mg/kg copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate in the diet (estimated intakes up to 305 mg Cu/ kg bw per day), weight gain was reduced from 194 mg Cu/kg bw per day, but there were no other overt signs of toxicity. Effects on the forestomach were evident from 45 mg Cu/kg bw per day, on the kidneys from 93 mg Cu/kg bw per day, & on the liver & bone marrow from 194 mg Cu/kg bw per day. The NOEL in this study was 23 mg Cu/kg bw per day.
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.103 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              In comprehensive 90 day studies in both rats & mice, in which copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate was admin in the feed at up to 8000 mg/kg in rats (up to 138 mg Cu/kg bw per day) & up to 16,000 mg/kg in mice (up to around 1000 mg Cu/kg bw per day), there were no overt signs of toxicity other than a dose-related reduction in growth... . Microscopic exam of the tissues revealed hyperplasia & hyperkeratosis in the forestomach in both species... , and liver & kidney effects in the rats only... . In the rats, iron levels were reduced in the spleen, & hematological changes indicative of microcytic anemia were observed at 34 mg Cu/kg bw per day & higher. The NOEL was 17 mg Cu/kg bw per day in rats, & 44 & 126 mg Cu/kg bw per day in male & female mice, respectively. The liver & kidney effects observed in the rats... included inflammation of the liver & degeneration of the kidney tubule epithelium.
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.105 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              /Groups of 4 male and 12 female standard dark mink/ given 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg Cu/kg diet as copper sulfate pentahydrate (approx 3, 6, 12, or 24 mg Cu/kg bw per day), for 9 months before mating & for 3 months after mating. There were no overt toxic effects in the copper-treated adults. ... Kit weight at 4 wk (but not at birth) was significantly reduced in the 100 mg/kg group. ... Kit mortality (birth to 4 wk) in the 100 & 200 mg/kg groups appeared to be incr ..., and in all treated groups litter mass (at weaning) was reduced, with some evidence of a dose-related effect. An adverse effect of copper on lactation was suggested. NOEL: 6 mg Cu/kg bw per day. LOEL: 12 mg Cu/kg bw per day. /from table/
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.122 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              A single ip injection of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate in mice induced a dose-related incr in the incidence of chromatid type chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow 6 hr after dosing between 0.28 & 1.7 mg Cu/kg bw.
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.126 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              Dietary admin of 250 mg/kg Cu (as copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate) to groups of six male rats for 30 days, providing 5 mg Cu/rat per day (= to about 20 mg Cu/kg bw per day) did not affect their locomotor activity, learning ability or relearning capacity & memory. Analysis of biogenic amines in the brain revealed a significant incr in dopamine & norepinephrine (noradrenaline) levels.
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.127 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              In hamsters, a single 4 hr exposure to copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate aerosol at 0.3-7.1 mg Cu/cu m resulted in reduced pulmonary macrophage activity & volume from 3.2 mg Cu/cu m within 1 hr after exposure; no effect was observed at 0.3 mg Cu/cu m.
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.129 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              /Researchers/ reported the development of massive hemolysis with high levels of copper in the liver, kidney, and plasma in sheep treated orally with 20 mg copper sulfate pentahydrate/kg body wt/day within 7 weeks. The excess copper caused an incr in the concn of iron in the plasma and spleen, possibly by interfering with iron metabolism and binding. Hepatic damage was observed in three histopathological studies of sheep chronically exposed to copper. /Copper sulfate, pentahydrate/
                              [USEPA; Health Issue Assessment: Copper p.26 (1987) EPA/600/8-87/001]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              Overdose may be poisonous (enteritis, hepatitis, nephritis).
                              [Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 136]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              Chronic poisoning is not uncommon in sheep grazed in orchards in which fruit sprays containing copper have been used. The spraying program is usually adjusted so that sheep are not introduced into the area until at least 5 days after the last spraying. Cases of poisoning are often accompanied by a history of dry weather, with no growth of herbage, so that animals are forced to consume old grass heavily contaminated with copper. /Copper containing pesticides/
                              [Clarke, M. L., D. G. Harvey and D. J. Humphreys. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1981., p. 45]**PEER REVIEWED**


                              Non-Human Toxicity Values:
                              LD50 RABBITS PERCUTANEOUS > 8.0 G/KG
                              [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983., p. 116]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LD50 Rat oral 960 mg/kg body weight /from table/
                              [WHO; Environ Health Criteria 200: Copper p.101 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**


                              Ecotoxicity Values:
                              LC50 LEPOMIS MACHOCHIRUS (BLUEGILL), WT 1.5 G, 884 UG/L @ 18 DEG C, STATIC BIOASSAY (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 707-1,100 UG/L) /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 100% (ABOUT 25% ELEMENTAL COPPER)/
                              [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 22]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 LEPOMIS CYANELLUS (GREEN SUNFISH), WT 1.1 G, 3,510 UG/L @ 18 DEG C, STATIC BIOASSAY (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2,570-4,800 UG/L) /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 100% (ABOUT 25% ELEMENTAL COPPER)/
                              [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 22]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (FATHEAD MINNOW), WT 1.2 G, 838 UG/L @ 18 DEG C (272 PPM CACO3), STATIC BIOASSAY (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 623-1,000 UG/L) /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 100% (ABOUT 25% ELEMENTAL COPPER)/
                              [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 22]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH), WT 0.9 G, 1,380 UG/L @ 18 DEG C (272 PPM CACO3), STATIC BIOASSAY (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 989-1,930 UG/L) /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 100% (ABOUT 25% ELEMENTAL COPPER)/
                              [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 22]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 SALMO GAIRDNERI (RAINBOW TROUT), WT 1.6 G, 135 UG/L @ 13 DEG C, STATIC BIOASSAY /TECHNICAL MATERIAL, 100% (ABOUT 25% ELEMENTAL COPPER)/
                              [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980., p. 22]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 STRIPED BASS 1 PPM OR LOWER/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/
                              [HUGHES JS; TOLERANCE OF STRIPED BASS, MORONE SAXATILIS (WALBAUM), LARVAE AND FINGERLINGS TO NINE CHEMICALS USED IN POND CULTURE; IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF GAME AND FISH COMMISSIONERS, JW WEBB, ED, COLUMBIA, SC: 431-8 (1970)]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LD50 Pheasant oral approx 1,000 ppm
                              [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983., p. 115]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) 28.0 ppm Copper/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
                              [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983., p. 116]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 Shrimp 17.0 ppm Copper/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
                              [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983., p. 116]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 Oysters 5.8 ppm Copper/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
                              [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983., p. 116]**PEER REVIEWED**

                              LC50 VIVIPARUS BENGALENSIS (SNAIL) 0.060 PPM COPPER /96 HR @ 32.5 DEG C; 0.066 PPM COPPER /96 HR @ 24 DEG C; 0.09 @ 27.3 DEG C; & 0.39 PPM COPPER/96 HR @ 20.3 DEG C /STATIC BIOASSAY/
                              [GUPTA PK ET AL; HYDROBIOLOGIA 83 (3): 461-4 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**


                              Ongoing Test Status:
                              The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_to...term=7758-99-8
                              [Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searc hterm=7758-99-8]**QC REVIEWED**

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